thanks for the reply!
No, this is a normal PC I am now using as a server.
It is connected to a router via LAN. This router is the DHCP-server. I have some other routers in the same IP range 192.168.11.0/24, one of them is serving the Wifi. Another is working as a switch. The PC I am using to write this is connected to the switch. The ping works fine from here. Above the DHCP-server-router is another router "B" - because I have a second network parallel to mine for guests with another DHCP-server-router. The router "B" (the one next to the DSL-modem) is forwarding everything to my local DHCP-server-router, the one the OMV is connected to.
I am not sure if this cascading stuff might have something to do with the problem. Although it is unclear why pinging works from any other machine in the same IP-space.