I find out there are two micro USB connectors - one on short side next to SD card, one on long side next to SATA. I was using the one next to SD card
It doesn't really matter which one you use unless you want to connect a SATA disk to be powered by the Banana itself since only the DC-IN Micro USB jack next to the SATA connector is directly connected to the SATA power port. Both Banana Pi and Pro are designed somewhat poorly compared to good A20 devices like Olimex Lime2 (here SATA disks are powered through the power management IC and are still spinning even if the board is running from battery).
BTW: Swapping PSUs is absolutely useless if you don't take contact and cable resistance into account: http://www.cnx-software.com/20…-boards-or-charge-phones/ (99% of all USB cables suck since power wires too thin)
Wrt 'read only filesystem': Your SD card is the culprit (quite common, even genuine ones die sooner or later). Do you use Etcher to flash the card or tools that don't do a verify?