Replace data hard drive with new one

i would use the rsync method:

sudo rsync -aAXv /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1

Make sure to edit the sda1 and sdb1 acording to your sdd's.

cou can check this via lsblk

This one might be helpful:

Docker Nextcloud change destination data disk

You can also take this as a great opportunity to test your backup procedures.

Remove the drive in question and pretend that it is broken.

The add the new drive and restore from backups. Don't use the old drive, it is broken, remember...